The 59-year-old man died last week, within days of the federal government banning Australian citizens and permanent residents from returning from India.
That ban is set to end next Saturday, with limited repatriation flights then to resume.
Foreign Minister Marise Payne confirmed the death and said the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade was providing consular assistance to the family.
But Senator Payne said she was unable to confirm the circumstances surrounding the man’s death.
In a post on social media, a woman who identified herself as the man’s daughter said both her parents had contracted COVID-19 while in India, but “the high commission in Delhi did nothing more than calling my mother once in a while”.
“With a very heavy heart and pain I need to inform you that my father has left us, for his journey in heavens,” wrote the woman, who asked not be identified for privacy reasons.
“Now all I have left is my mother, who has been abandoned by her own government in India, [with] no way to come back to her children. We all want to cry our hearts out, but we are saving them for when we are all together again.”
The post asked for assistance in bringing her mother home, so that her family could “gather the broken pieces of our souls together”.
“Please save your own humanity, by doing the right thing,” she wrote.
Push to bring home stranded Australians
News of the death comes in the aftermath of Prime Minister Scott Morrison detailing the government’s plan for the resumption of travel between India and Australia from May 15.
Repatriation flights to the Howard Springs facility in the Northern Territory will resume on that date, with three set to operate before the end of May.
The ABC is supporting an appeal by Australian NGOs to help families and communities affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in India. Click here to see how you can help.
Mr Morrison has also requested the states take additional repatriation flights, saying New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria had all indicated they would accept one each in May.
Ms Payne said the government was doing all it could to get stranded Australians home.
“It has been about making sure that we we were managing the return flights from India given the extremely significant surge in cases there, so that we were responsibly bringing home those from what is currently the most significant hotspot for anyone travelling right now, but also responsibly managing the safety of Australians in Australia,” she told Nine Radio.
“What we will do is work closely with our team in New Delhi and in our posts in Chennai and Mumbai, focusing on bringing those Australian citizens and residents and families who have been registered with our consular processes within India and most definitely targeting those who have registered as vulnerable.”
The opposition said the government had been shown to be ill-prepared for the surge of cases in India.
“We should have had our quarantine system prepared so we could get Australians home,” Labor frontbencher Amanda Rishworth said.
“We should not have come to this where we were not prepared and did not have a plan to get our citizens abroad out of harms way.”
Labor has also attacked the government for not doing enough to repatriate stranded Australian children, after officials confirmed there were 173 minors in India officially classed as “unaccompanied”.
That means the children are stuck in India while their parents or legal guardians are in Australia, with those minors understood to be staying with other family.
Shadow Home Affairs Minister Kristina Keneally described that figure as “unbelievable”.